YOUR DECISION
Nazarova Nina D.
Director of the factory "Children's book 1, Hero of Socialist Labor
The train arrived in Leipzig in the evening. Already the lights were lit in windows and on level crossings, the wet pavement for the barriers.
It was possible to fly an airplane, but they were told that due to the fair added a lot of flights, and non-flying weather is expected.
Showered light rain, the same as in Moscow. Raw tracks stretched from side to side, raindrops hung on the contact wires, wet trees, roof ... And do not believe that this is Germany.
She was advised before to go and the hotel "Astoria", see the Leipzig railway station, he seemed to be the largest, if not the world, in Europe for sure. A very interesting building. Translator said that from here, from the station, stitched products are famous Leipzig printers are shipped to different addresses in distant countries. And in Russia as well. And so the Russian polygraphist around Leipzig train station can not be.
She glanced at his watch. The train, after extinguishing speed, soft moor to the platform. It was about eight o'clock. The next day in the morning on the book fair she should open a Soviet exposition. Children's section. To say some words, and words are still undecided, there were not as it should, though they were written. She had to prepare. We went immediately to the hotel. Silence and concentration. Station was on then.
Long ago, it was in the forty-ninth year, she graduated from Moscow Polygraphic Institute, a young engineer who had just come to the factory in a school dress and jacket she had temnenky, she seemed older than him. And this time, returned from Germany Anastasia S. Yakovlev (that is, if not Anastasia, but just Nastia, and also not Yakovleva: maiden was still in her name) and told me how they work in Leipzig, what sort of machine, which approach to case, what is different from ours.
Germany is the time it seemed so far away! Before Germany was four years of war, bombing, evacuation, cards, a hospital in a neighboring school ...
In the forty-ninth of their factories, "Children's Book 1 in Leipzig delegation went to work retoucher S. Anastasia, the future of her husband, Nick probist Yakovlev, Nadya Kuznetsova, too, retoucher, printer Grisha Chernyshev and then head of the printing shop Konstantin Nyrkov, experienced printers.
We traveled for six months: Leipzig printers had to look, talk to artists, to understand, what is the glory of German printers, which are there have their own methods, "secrets" and that the German should learn from them.
When he returned, showing at home, on the shaft Suschevsky, photos, and conversations, I remember it! All of Leipzig, but of Leipzig. And how else.
And now she was going to a hotel, factory director "Children's Book 1, Nina D. Nazarova, and found myself on the fact that he was sitting with his eyes closed, thinking about tomorrow's speech, and the sides are not looking.
She never wanted to be printers. And in her family nor scribes, nor newsmen were not. It seems to verify the seventh generation. His father was an employee, my mother a housewife. We lived in a village near Moscow Klyazma to Moscow by train traveled. She was going to do Engineering, wanted to be a train dispatcher and in dreams saw themselves as remote control in black uniform jacket with silver stripes. Here she takes the microphone, and over the rails of the cars, bursting with warmth over the sounds of steam locomotives firm voice: "Shunting, release the first way!"
Once she saw a glimpse of the station box, a woman and heard her voice.
But from the MIIT she took the documents, drove them to the printer, now it is hard to remember why, but we were on our any reason. The importance of her work, she did not then, not in the institute's audience understood, but much later. And ensconced in a hotel room, taking a shower from the road, taking the portfolio from the text of his speech tomorrow, she decided that it would begin by saying how important it is to respect the young man who enters into a big adult life, as soon as it is important to give him the right direction, to extend their way to instill respect for and faith in the power of this book.
Famous People's Artist of our schedule USSR Yevgeny Adolfovich Kibrik, a lot of talent and has worked for the children, thought that the book requires that participated in the talent, inspiration, skill, the greatest care and dedication. "Excellent set up a book, 'said Eugene Adolfovich, sample and the top of contemporary culture."
It is well known and has become an axiom that children should do the same as for adults, only better. And to write poetry, and put on plays, and drawing, and book publishing. And it seems, always has been. Now it is strange to think that someone had to expound and prove it and took the authority of Gorky, insisting: "It is time to raise the issue of children's literature widely and seriously ..." It was Gorky's idea to organize the country's largest publishers, "Children's Literature" for which he was most extensive thematic plan, by the way is not exhausted, and to date, publisher, acknowledged to educate children in the spirit of activity and interest in and respect for the power of reason, to search for science, to the great task of art, make a person strong and beautiful.
We are accustomed to the fact that the books in our country out many millions of copies. Accustomed to the children's book and not think about how much work invested in it by writers, artists, editors, proofreaders, retouchers, engravers, typesetters, printers ... You can Booklet and supervisors, in addition to recall, to name a dozen specialties of printing, but this is probably unnecessary.
As an engineer it is entitled to insist that the technology to trace the release of one taken at random is not easy to book-printing technology is now very complicated. There are different ways to print, high, deep, offset ... Each method of its benefits, commensurate not only in time, some quality is not always objective indicators, but also economically.
Loud and clear. The lowest costs while maximizing the final result. It is impossible to divide the production process to the end and beat the drums on the savings achieved in one certain stage, not having understood, that translates into, could lead this private savings! Time demands comprehensive solutions, not just improvements to details. Yes dodelok rework ... Strange as it sounds, but the effectiveness of a technical system often is determined by its weakest link.
Well, this is a purely engineering, technical care, people are not too friendly to outsiders, far from the printing works.
Who knows what is in Moscow Suschevsky shaft, in the former Marina Grove, seven-story precast concrete, glass and aluminum production building factory "Children's Book 1, highly mechanized plant, referring to the type of major companies like Iron and Steel Works "Hammer and Sickle "Likhachev or car.
For wide windows beeping drives printing machines are on the endless belt from shop to shop, and from one floor to book blocks, sheets of recording and publishing, book-ready for shipment, enter the factory yard to heavy trucks, plow covered the body, unload paper rolls , carry paint, cardboard, metal, film ... Turnover as at the railway station, where a strict control manager sits in a uniform cap. The account is not just on tons and tons of thousands, tens of thousands ... So much for the "Children's Book"!
... In the old building, where she started working after graduation, it was different and a lot more modest technical equipment. Of course, the scale of today and not thinking, but the printers of the factory had already had a high reputation: the wizard worked it famous. She came to the shop gravure ...
The Institute on lectures explained that the printing plate is made photomechanical method. All the printing deepened, made up of cells, their depth is different: the deeper, the more paint comes in, and with the rest of the ink is mechanically removed with a thin knife, called a squeegee. This is a gravure printing.
I remember she once told me in the exams, as in gravure printing ink because of the different saturation of individual cells printed form on the print image is obtained by varying the depth of colors.
- In connection with this, 'she said, confident young voice, a deep-seal is mainly used for publishing, where many half-tone illustrations and photographs in the text. It's in magazines, albums ... Printable tabs for sticker books ...
She and the Institute knew that the quality of the text reproduced in this way, inferior quality achieved at high print could not explain why. But where and how could she know then that in the "Children's Book 1, where it will direct the distribution shall be taken in gravure printing shop. And immediately the position of head of the department!
The time was after the war. Many have not returned to his factory. There was a shortage of manpower and experience. So it was appointed, quite a girl, in a commanding position.
She remembers his first days in her usual manner, dramatically shrugs:
- First, I prokuvyrkalas somehow ... Who knows Nina Dmitrievna, so accustomed to her unexpected words. Prokuvyrkalas ... It could say "probarahtalas" because a young engineer, got out of the institute into a large, complex enterprise experiences a condition close to what suits drowning: a man falls into the unknown element with its unknown laws. Suppose that he knows the technique. All right. But this is only half the battle, if not the fourth. Can understand a young man with an engineering diploma, which became the factory, the factory manager, he shall, in addition to technology, to understand people-oh, it's not easy! And to tailor its task forces with the objective of the enterprise, a complex organism, laws of life which is difficult to express in words.
At first, helped the old, skilled workers, helped the experience of the team. She recalls: "The head-the same conductor, and if you get into a good orchestra, the overall teamwork means a lot at first. But only at first. Then we need to show your solution. In his reading problem. "
Veterans such as Yefim Ilyich Ilyin, talked about the fact that print to the soldiers. What were the orders. How did the famous gift album for the Soviet exhibition in New York in the thirty-ninth year, and in the forty-second, when was the Battle of Stalingrad, in the unheated, cheese shop served the military term for custom-printed posters multicolor cellophane "Design of a medium tank T-34 ".
Chadila "stove", frozen hands, cellophane flagged on the board. Good form was not. Nights are not left out of the shop. Everything had to be done manually. A printed image is needed in several colors, so the visibility was in the study of the tank.
In its first shop printed magazines "worker", "Sport", "I want to know everything", "USSR in Construction" ... Then here came to the young readers book series, "In the world of beauty," "Tales of the Russian landscape," "Green Tree of Life," "Face Time" ... Titles of books, as the names of expensive streets, lanes, where she lived at one time, as the addresses of friends ...
At first she understood his position clearly and in life the most important:
a serious industrial problem can be solved not by itself. Any production, and the book, including printing, consists of several stages. You can put somewhere in the most modern equipment, electronic control, automation, air conditioners, computers ... Newsreel comes with floodlights, will be walking tours, but the real success of production is determined after all the common constant level, rather than demonstration ups, which, incidentally, are also needed, for show, to which should be equal. And this is just one example of the complexity of the directors, engineering solutions.
When she started, the current circulation is not thought of. Book of love, but what is happening today, was not there any publication could be obtained. Lying on the shelves. And no one in the head would not come, that one-time increase circulation in the tens to hundreds of times, and the books will still be missed. After all, serious voices were heard, that ends the age of the book.
At an exhibition in Leipzig, it might well recall the words of the director of the National Union of England Book by John Morpurgo, who said that for his life at least five times I heard: in the near future, the book is finished!
The first time there was a silent movie. "That's it!-Patriots decided to electricity, guardians and technological progress, the book is finished. She must die. After a year or six months. " Died.
Then, when instead of playing the piano in a dark room came the sound, the screen came to life the human voice, it was finally decided that Hollywood is replacing the book in the past. But, strange to say, the book continued to live, despite the fact that simultaneously with the sound films began radio broadcasts and the question arose simple: why now read? Recently, two books appeared very serious competitor to TV (again, there could be disputes began to read, why waste power? Sit down, watch), and cybernetics. From her from the beginning of the expected much out there! They talked that cybernetics is better than any book to learn. But the book business lives. And it will live forever. Nina D. Nazarov believes steadfastly in this! The book will always be.
The book is not just entertainment, the interlocutor, the textbook of life, a miracle, a work of high art, the aesthetic delight of the amateur. Book-an indispensable accessory of life. As air and bread. Only a professional every day having to deal with the problems of book production, to say such words ought not to lavish something.
At the international exhibitions of products of its factories exposed to far-thirties. "The Russian publisher sets himself the task of producing an art book is cheap and, conversely, a cheap art book ..."-written in a foreign newspaper reports from those early shows. "In general we can say there is no corner of the child's life, who would not have found reflection in the book ... Russian books fun, dynamic and brighter than our own. Maybe our printers take a look down on the exterior of these books, but our children will accept them with enthusiasm. " This is also a tip from one of the first Soviet book exhibitions.
In the hotel room ... it was quiet. Behind the wall of a dull, slightly discernible humming fan and heard footsteps on the stairs. She went to the window, pushed the curtain. In the evening the lights appeared in front of her square, lined tram wires and rails. Advertising lights were burning. People hurry ...
If all these people, she thought, ask a question. All the same, what does the book in your life? Nobody here did not immediately respond. The book is such a familiar thing. And for her there! She picks up a new book and at first looks like a book is done. And it is not artistic, not aesthetics alone are interested in it, and the technical side of things: printing, paper, circulation ... Everything is clearly tied in a single engineering solution, known as a book. Books were for her and family, and friends. And all of life at some point acquired a clear direction. In Leipzig, in a hotel room, preparing for tomorrow's own performance, she found what she thought of his factory like they have always been inseparable, she, Nina D. Nazarova, and "Children's Book 1.
In the thirty-seventh year, when she was in school, publishing house "Children's Literature" was awarded the Grand Prize, Grand Prix at the Paris World Exhibition. Some vague memories remain: passing on the radio, photographs in the "Pioneer truth" ...
In 1958 she was head of TCI, when its factory was awarded the Gold Medal at the Brussels World Exhibition. In 1960 the chief engineer, Nina D. Nazarov received congratulations after his success in London at the Royal Festival Hall, where the Soviet children's book caused a sensation. So you can not worry about one more day before the opening of the exhibition, and in his speech to talk about how in 1961, when she was appointed director of the factory, a book by Professor Tracey at the University of Cleveland somewhat surprising title "What does John, that Johnny does not know ". Especially interesting was the assertion of her American professors, proving that John learned to read well-read and much better than Johnny. Ivan more books, they are more interesting and more significant
For the exhibition in Leipzig dedicated to the jubilee anniversary of the Fair in its 800 th anniversary of the Soviet section of children's literature was presented in the four stands. For the production of its factory, it is not worried. It was a colorful book for preschoolers: Russian folk tales, songs, nursery rhymes with illustrations by Yuri Vasnetsov, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky book "Miracle Tree", a poem for toddlers A. Barto and S. Mikhalkov ... Then came the publication for students, science fiction and adventure, gift edition of the world and Russian classics, illustrated Shmarinov D., E. Kibrik, B. Dehtereva, Palekh artists ...
Honestly, she had no doubt of success. I knew for sure, everything will be fine. But as an engineer, she wanted to compare their products with the one that will be leading printing firms. Wanted to find out about the news, about the sudden decision to talk with savvy professionals. I would also like to visit the Leipzig printers, and almost childish delight remembered with what Anastasia Yakovleva retoucher once told me about the Leipzig printer. As long as it was ... The old building of the "Children's Book" remembered peeling facade, brought down the ladder, many years prisluzhivshie machines peers century. And she wanted herself, as if by magic, to see the young engineer, immediately appointed head of production. And not because of her remarkable abilities were discovered immediately, but because no one is more appropriate: when the war ended. Tears are not forgotten even funerals.
She set to work vigorously and quite competently. This is much later realized that correctly, and then the experience was not, educated decision prompted the intuition.
Our time is the time of narrow specialists and solutions. Prior to production managers of any rank is a task that requires not only engineering solutions, but also economically literate solutions.
What is the use of ingenious technical innovations, if it increases the cost of production and not in any way compensates for the cost? Technique for the sake of technology is also meaningless in the living organism of the factory, as art for art's sake in the newspaper. What a fuss if it does not grow ...
Somewhere she had read, a pilot, commander of the airliner, said of himself that the flight he can not lay as a navigator, and the device on-board radio station radio operator knows the worst, in addition to the engines disassembled much weaker mechanic, and the question: what is the duty of the commander - said: "I must see the whole picture."
This is the modern approach, it is a clear definition of responsibilities of the manager. Its success is largely due to the fact that she always tried to see the whole picture, all over the maze of interdependencies, and only then, having understood the essence, the task crushed into fragments in the solution of which the last word belonged to a narrow specialist. Whether it's making photopolymer printing plates, starting fine electronic equipment, varioklishografa, amazing machines, manufactures printing plates for four-, or belonged to such a seemingly trumpery matters such as the production of adhesives. It seems funny to say, but for the uninitiated, but in reality electronics electronics, and the adhesive is also not so easy.
And how much more the director duties in addition to purely technical! Here and housing, and transportation, day care, day care, the quality of our paper, a new camp, the analysis of family conflicts ... People come and ask to help. And we need help. And that should be taken into account that the collective of the factory, "Children's Book 1 by two-thirds female.
The working day starts with a short director of RAM. Invited the heads of departments, services and departments. Report back on implementation of the targets, the unexpected accidents and difficulties that require rigorous solutions.
Gravure printing shop, where she began, nestled in the entire width of the new production building. At seven hundred square meters of its area had three giant car-and two-color rotary role flatovye. Once, she thought, walking on the new shop, with a sudden thought sadly that's great it would start all over again. It seems that everything else would have happened, happier and easier. Although it means to be happier? And became embarrassed by this undue grief: she a happy person, she has a favorite thing, called the short, very familiar, but always with joy - the book! She smiles and says firmly:
- The book, the meaning of life, it is easy to understand. The book has always been respectful of all. Do you know that in ancient Egypt for the loss of the library of papyrus Pharaoh offender was beheaded? You see, what passion! But much later, were no less strict. In Leipzig, I was told that the Prussian King Frederick II responsible for damage to books cast into a dark pit for many years. That's so! Nazarov, director of correcting papers on his desk, adding seriously: Well, the dark hole is, perhaps, too, but in general people need to understand how much work invested m each book. And how important it is to take care of her. Nina Dmitrievna publishing side does not apply to writers, artists, editors, they have their own complexity. She is an engineer, head of the printing press, its task is to transform a manuscript into a book and give the book circulation.
How new is introduced in their factory for the task! Typesetting machines in the shop-zincographic performing a set of tape, were used instead of the usual strokootlivnyh machines. Factory is almost completely switched to phototypesetting. All have been replaced by rotary printing presses in the shop printing. Almost all of the duties podborschits mechanized ... And these decisions are already enshrined in life, you can list a long time, but the list includes professional training, or just an interest. Take, for phototypesetting. It is easier and more economical than a set on the linotype, time-consuming, expensive and rather slow to do the same. Instead, the metal film. There is no such kind of work, as matrixing. All editing is done on a punched tape. Thanks photocomposition does not need casting stereotypes, milling, engraving, galvanizing work. And most importantly, the rate of increase, and then the question arises, as well as to accelerate the related operations, because in a large book collection really is only one part of the problem.
- Technical progress requires a broad front movement, says director of "Children's books."
And the success of the factory, due to the fact that she and the chief engineer Eugene I. Fleischman, and the Party secretary Tamara Alishkova, and the entire leadership of the shop managers are trying to see the big problem. The whole picture. Remember, as determined duties the commander of an airliner? In a complex industrial organism there is nothing separate (she insists that everything is connected) and the beginning of success lies in a correct understanding of these relationships. This just could not say to my colleagues in Leipzig Fair is at the Jubilee, the director of the book factory, the engineer, Hero of Socialist Labor.
By the way, a new production building was not yet built, and the problems of phototypesetting were purely theoretical in nature, is not going to work everyday level. For many years past.
In the hotel room, she looked over his speech, once again read all the text from the beginning and in the morning, coming to the exhibition was for himself quite calm.
And for the products of their factories from the start not to worry. Not a bit.
They were a group of Soviet printers, when they approached an elderly man, tall and stooped, bespectacled. He was like a doctor, so was all neat and discreet in his movements, but the translator, introducing the guest, said it was a famous artist, expert in offset printing. When the master learned that she was director of the factory book "Children's book," he perked up, his eyes sparkled with joy.
He spoke quickly and decisively.
He said that many years ago, but ended in a terrible war, but fighting died down and ceased to pour human blood, they came to the printer just workers, "Children's Books": the master, two young girls, retouchers, and the two young men. "I too was young, German-smiled. - Of course, all of them older, but still young ... Tell them hello. Say, Otto remembers them. "
The old master smiled and stepped closer to the stand with books for children.
- If someone had told me then, - said solemnly, 'that in Russia, in Moscow, will publish books like that, I would never have believed it!
- Thank you, 'she said, shook his withered hand, and remembered that day at the fair, the voice of the old masters, visitors hubbub, the lights, colors, sound of footsteps on the stone floor of the hall, where the most beautiful, of course, were the books of its factories.
